Hair curler



c. E. WALTMAN HAIR CURLER Filed April 27, 1934 vice f March 12, 1935.

Patented'Mar. 12, 1935 A' UjNir-ao sTATESf PATItrifroFFIc-E "i nant CU'izLiilt" 'n gk l `Charles 'EfWa/ltnianfLos ngeles, Calif. Y Application Aprile?, 19.34, seria; 1510.722317 t f7 claims. (Crise-36).-

This invention relates toahairgcurler.such as isf-employed in beauty salons .for curling the hair on a womans head. There are twdprincipal .methods of curlinghair .in use atfthe present time; Accordingto oneof :thesemethods, the inner portion of .thewisp `of liainis Wrapped onl a spindie'whilein' a'rnoistcondition, tightened v'up onthe spindle, and the heating tube is then teleseoped over the spindle to .set 'the curl. 'In accordance with this method; it substantially impossible to form :the curl v.completely to .the end for" the wisp. of hair. n accordance with another method, known .asthe croquignole method! the outer end of the Kwisp is wrapped up on a spindle-'or vspool vwith the #tip of the wisp against the body of thelspindle, but

in forming a .croquignole curl it `is 'not ypossible f to curl the wisp of .hair completely up tothe scalp. 1

The object of this invention; is .to provide a simple apparatusV and .a vsimple method :for ienabling Va curl tobe formed .throughout 'the' entire lengthof ar VWisp of hair. .Y

A further object of this invention is to provide a construction involving. ,theV use .of a main spindle on which the 'principal portion of the wisp may be curled from a point near the' scalpv outwardly, and to` provide an extension spindle detachably mounted on the spindle for enabling .I

Fig. v3, cer-tain parts being broken away and theouter end of the.wisp to be; formed; into a croquignole curl. j Y. y The devices l:tor this purpose usually include ,a

Apad which :lies yadjacent tothe :scalp and which is provided 'with' means for -clasping .a Lwisp 'of hair with-inthe same to 'be wrapped l`upon the spindle carried by the pad.. f.

'One of thenobjectsgcf Athis inventionris to providev .improved mean-s for attaching theV spindle to the pad in such a Way that the V-spindlecan :be readily disengaged from the .pad after the -curl has been set in the fwisp. a

Devioesof this kinde-'usually include aheating v`tube which is .placed over the. spindle and :which is provided with electrical-heating elements fior,

heating theicnri 'to setiit. As., usuallyj `.con-

. structed; the inner (end of Vthe'heat-ing tube is unattached and .more Aor less :open so as topermit `steam formi-ng from the Am'oisi'nrle intheghairfto :escape from the inner end 'of' the tube :near the scalp.Vl One of .the objects .fof invention,

therefore; is to provide. means for `making a seaiedconnection between the inner end fof the tube and the pad .to `preventthe escape of vsteam near the scalp. y* 'y i .A 'further x:object of the invention is lconlfwrapping the same-.on the spindle.`

...struct the heating tube .insuch a uway as to facilitate .its beinglapplied to the'wrapped spindle and connectedat inner end to the pad. l Further: objects of thefinvention willfappear hereinafter. i Theinventionconsists in the novel parts and combinations ref parts to be `described hereinafter, all=ofwhich contribute to produce an eifrcient hair eurlerf- Y y Y v 1 A preferred embodiment .ofthe invention fis described in the .following `specifications, while the broad scope ofthe-invention is Apointed .out inthe appended `4=claims. In the drawing: y Y y Fig; .1 is :aside peleyaton of a curling device embodying my invention;v

.Fig 2 isa section taken. about on-the line 2-2 :of Fig.-.l, `locking Ainward the pad .thatv .carries their-mer end of the spindle.. This view particularly illustrates'.` themeans yfor enabling the pad 4to clamp .avkwi-sp` ofjhair preparatory to Figi. 3 iis a longitudinal section taken about on the linea-3. of 1 but upon an enlarged scale.,`ic,ertain parts beingbr-.oken away, and this .View iiilu-stratesin dottedlines the manner in which the croquignole curl is formed beyond .the .end of the main spindle. y n

4 Yasecticntakengon'the linee-4 of Eig. .Sais a cross section onV-the line 6--6 of Fig. 3Sand particularly` illustrating .detailsvof the outer spindle. 'f

Fig 7 is .a'rr longitudinal -section through `a clamp of simple construction which I use wit .the curling device tor clamping `the Wisp .temporarily` atfthe. jpoint where Iit Yleaves'the outer end of the-mainspindle.

Fig. 8 is a cross section through the -p'ad and a longitudinal section through the heating tube, indicating the wrapped `wisp on `the spindle and lying withinfthe'tube f -V Fig.-9.isl :a ycross section on the line A9---9 of Fig. .8, and'iurther 4illustrating details of -the heating tube. V Y `v vFig. k1.5.0 is a ,side'elevation illustrating a joint which may be employed for constructing the spindle of detachable sections of the same diameter.

Before proceeding to a more detailed description of the invention, it should be stated that the spindle is preferably constructed of a main section or main spindle, and an outer spindle or extension. The main spindle is detachably secured to a pad Which clamps the Wisp of hair. In practicing the method, the Wisp of hair is wrapped in a helix on the main spindle so as to leave a portion of the wisp extending beyond the outer end of the main spindle. At this point the Wrapped Wisp is clamped to the spindle and I then wrap the outer portion of the Wisp on the outer spindle, startingwith the tip of the Wisp against the body of the outer spindle. This outer portion of the Wisp is rolled up in this way on the outer spindle by rolling, the outer spindle on the Wisp in the same direction in which the curl has been Wrapped on the main spindle. The outer spindle is then secured to the outer endof the main spindle. A ratchet connection is provided'at the inner end of the main spindle where it attaches to the pad and a ratchet connection is also provided between' kthe outer spindle and themain spindle. After the entire Wisp has been curled, as described, I then tighten up the entire Wisp by rotating the outer spindle ina forward direction. This tightens the outer portion of the Wisp on lthe outer spindle to forma tight croquignole curl and it also tightens the spiral curl that is formed on the main spindle.

After the complete curl has been set by means of a heating tube slipped over theY spindle', the mainV spindle is detached from the pad. In this connection it should be understood that When the curl is tight on the mainspindle it is hardly possible to rotate it 'any further` in a tightening direction. For this reason I provide a special detachable connection which enables the linne: endof the spindle to be detached from the pad byrotating the spindle in a backward direction. That is to say in a direction opposite to that in which the spindle is rotated to tighten the curls on it. v

I also prefer to provide a heating tube of special construction, enabling it to form a sealed joint with the pad, thereby preventing steam forming Within the tube from passing out of the tube near the scalp.

The main spindle may be formed of a single piece or, if desired, it may be formed of several telescoping sections. If' desired, instead -of forming such-telescoping section, I may form it of several jointed sections of equal diameter. By constructing the main spindle in sections in this Way, it is possible to use a spindle of a length that adapts it readily for operation with the particular length of Wisp of hair that is to be curled. If a spindle of telescoping sections is employed they may be telescoped as far as desired so as to produce a relatively short spindle. Where the main spindle is made of disconnectible jointed sections, these sections may be made short and as many of these sections may be used as desired to give the main spindle the desired length. l i

Referring more particularly to the parts, and especially to Figs. 1 to 6, 1 indicates the main spindle which, as illustrated, comprises three telesccping sections la, 1b and 1c. These telescoping sections have grooves 2 with which ribs 3 cooperate to prevent relative rotation of the three sections with respect to each other. Inner section 1a carries a head 4 which is detachably connectible to a pad 5. The pad 5 comprises a center plate 6 preferably formed of metal and provided on each side with a bakelite plate 7 beyond which a base-plate 8 is provided of cork, or similar material. The center plate 6 is provided with an offset boss 9 in which a socket 10 is formed. This socket has an interlocking connection with the head 4. Any suitable means may be provided for this purpose. In the present instance, the socket 10 comprises a central opening 11 having a plurality of radial notches 12 which are spaced equidistant around its circumference. The head 4 is provided with a plurality of radial tongues 13 which are spaced like the notches 12 and which can pass through the notches, 4after which a rotation through an angle 45 will bring the tongues 13 out of alignment with the notches 12 and lock the head in position. -If desired, a stop 14 may be provided for limiting the rotation of the head in its locking direction.

The inner end of the section la slips over the head 4, and between the head 4 and the inner section la a ratchet connection is provided that will permit rotation of the section la on the head 4 in one direction only. Any suitable one- Way drive connection may be employed. I prefer, however, to employ a ratchet connection constructed asV illustrated in Fig. 5. 'This ratchet connection is formed by producing a circumferential groove 15 in the head 4, in which is mounted a small arcuate strip 16 of spring material that tends by its resiliency to expand against the inner face of the section la. One end of this strip or tongue 16 is anchored as at 17 to the Vhead 4. This strip 16 will permit rotation of the section 1a in an anti-clockwise direction, but will not permit rotation in the other direction. However, this direction is unimportant, so long as the connection is constructed so as to permit rotation in one direction only.

The pad 5 is formed of two sections 5a and 5b which are pivotally connected on a pivot pin 13 (see Fig. 2).

.The section 5b is formed with a deep notch` 19 and the opposite section 5a is formed with a deep notch 20. These notches are in alignment with each other so that in the clamping position of the section 5a and section 5b there is va small opening 21 through which the wis'p of hair passes and in which it is clamped. The sections 5a and 5b are constructed so as to enable the size of this opening 21 to adapt itself to the quantity of hair in the Wisp. For this purpose the section 5b may be provided with a spring 22 to cooperate with a rack 23 on the othersection 5a, said rack having inclined teeth to cooperate With the bent tip of the spring 22. The device includes an outer spindle 24 which includes a tubular body 25 with an integral collar 26 at its inner end, and a sliding collar 27. The outer end of the tubular body 25 is formed with a at head 28 to enable the outer spindle to be rotated. The inner end of the tubular body 25 extends beyond the collar 26 so asV to form a neck 29 which can be received in the outer endof the outer section 1c of the main spindle. At this point a ratchet connection 30 is formed, which is constructed in the manner illustrated in Fig. 5 and in such a Way that it Will permit relative rotation of the outer spindle 24 in the same direction as the ratchet connecmay also beprovided Awith similar foppositely disposed notches 32 (see Fig. 6)'. e @The bakeliteplate 7 `on-the 'outer side of th pad is provided Vwith an integral tubular neck 33 the outer end of which is providedwith an outwardly projecting flange 34. This is for the purpose of forming a `connection tothe innerl end of the heating tube `f35. The heating tube 35 is preferably formed of two sections 35a and 35h having a hinge connection 36 between the same, and provided with'a'fdetachable fastener 37 for securingthe two sections ina closed position. e

At the inner endof the lheating tube 35 two opposite disposed 'socket'members' 38 `are provided Whichcarry twosections39 of agyielding Washer ofsoft rmaterial.,l suchas felt. The inner end of each socket membera islformed into a flange 40 tohook over the Iiang'e 34 on the tubular neck 33; -Inrthisff-wa'y the-open tube -canbe hooked over the flangef's'. In doingfthis they washer 39 will sealthe inner end of the tube and' keep"'steamfrom passing out of the' tubek adjacent the pad;

The heating tube 35 has` an inner Wall 42 and an outer wall 43forming an annular chamber 44 in which the'heating'elernent 45 is located, the ends'vof saidv element being attached to insulating conductors 46v and 47 which may be attachedto the heating/elementisee Fig. 9).

The inner wall V42 -of theheating tubejhas an extension that'has a1 contracted 1 orifice 49 that may be'closed by a suitable plug 50.

' In Fig. 7 I illustrate ametal clamp 51 of simpleconstruction, includinga spring 52 and clamping 4vjaws 53 with handles 54 that may be! tions, suchas the sections v and 56 and cont nected by va jointy such as the joint 57.A

Y In using lthe curler, .a 'Wisin-.59 of Yhair is clamped in the openingrZlVand this Wisp is then Wrapped ina spiral .curl .on the main spindleV l as indicated in FiglS. `The wisp should be long enough sor that whenthe jouter end of thev main spindle is reached there will still be an outern portion 6() (see Fig. 3) of the Wispwhich has not been Wrapped onthe inain spindle. f The outer spindle 24 is then applied. as indicated by the dotted linesY inFig. 3. That is to say, the

tip 6l of the outeifportion `60 is placed on thek body 25 of the outerfspindle and Vthe'outer spindle' is then' rotated as' indicated by the arrow in Fig. 3 torwrapfthe outer portion Y-60 of the wispv on the louter' spindle. The direction of this Wrapping should be the? same. as `theV direction in which the wisp- 59 is'. coiled ori-the main spindle 1.

Before startngto wrapthe-outer portion -61 of the Wisp on-the outer-spindle, the clamp-5l should be used to secure the' curl to the outer end of the main spindle, ,as indicated in. Fig. 3. ,The wrapping of the outer portion of the wisp'on theouter spindle toproduce a cro quignole (mrlzind-When this Wrapping operation is-V nearly completed'theiouterportion 60 of the wisp is slipped into one of the sockets or notches Blinthe col1ar26iand the Wrapping of the outer portion-:69 of the-Wispfonthelouter spindle 24 is completed bymeans ofthe flat head'28.` As the outer spindle .is rotated in'this Way it will at. rst rotate on theznain` spindle and las'the croquignole Acurl -is being-tightened the loose collar 27 is shoveddown toward "the collar 26 to clamp thecroquignole curl inA place and produce a shorter curl. Soon `after the croquignole curl becomes tight-,f the main spindle Will cornmence to rotateY onthe. head'4 .and this will tightenl the spirali .curl that is formed onthe main spindle. 1 i Y,

After Ythe entire length of'thecurl has been tightened-up in vthis Way the heating tube 35 is applied overthe spindle carrying the tight curl..-In doing thistheoatch l37 should .be releasedso as to enable .thetube vto be opened up and appliedlaterally'overfthe spindle. In doing thief-the socket-members. 38 are made Vto engage over 'the flange 34 to lock. the of the tube to the pad. f

Of'course after the entire curl has been tightened-up, the clamp 51-1 is-removed before applying theheating tube.v

Inforrningr the4i spiral curl on the'niainf.`

spindle, it should be understood that the collar 26 can be moved inwardlyasldesired. Vto reduce the length'oic thewm'ain spindle. to adapt it Vtothe length of the wisp"land to enable the .outer portion 60 of the wis'p tobe ofvfanylengthfdesired in forming the `c'roquignole curl. 'Y

Ther notches 32 in theloose'collar 27 enable the "croquignole vcurl to* be.Y tightened-up. lThis is accomplished-by placingfthetip ofthewisp `inthe vnotch and pressing it with -the thumb r against the edgev of the Anotch While rotating the K collar `on' the tubular b'odyl25.A 1 I .It is understood. "thatjthe embodiment of the` invention describedfherein--is only-one 'oftheV many 'embodiments' this inventionmay take, and I dor notfwishz-.to be limited inthe practice of the invention. nor in theclaiins, Yto the particular embodiment set forth.

nWhat Iclaim is:

1..In a curling device forc'urling hair on ones head'th'e combination of a pad. to lie adjacent the head, said pad having means for clamping awisp offhainfa main spindle, means for detachably securing th'e'l-inner end-of vthe same to the pad, a ratchet device associated'yvth the mainspindle .adjacentl the `pad and permitting rotationV of the mainl spindle' in oneV direction onlyto enable the Wlsp' of hair to be Wrapped inner Aend aroundthe main spindle andv tightened thereon,

outer spindle vhaving rneansffor rotating thev same, thereby jenablingtheroll on the outer spindle tobe tightened; andthe helical curl on the mainspindle to bejtightened. i 2. In a curling. deviceforgcurling hair on ones ghead,} the combination of a pad to lie iii) CilI

adjacent the head, said pad having means for clamping a wisp of hair, a main spindle, means for detachably securing the inner end of the same to ther pad, a ratchet device Vassociated with the main spindle'adjacent the pad and permitting rotation of the main spindle in one direction only to enable the wisp of hairto be wrapped around the main spindle and tightened thereon, an outer spindle, a ratchet device between said outer spindle and said main spindle permitting relative rotation of the outer spindle on the main spindle in the same direction that is permitted by the first-named ratchet device, said parts cooperating to enable the wisp of hair to be wrapped in a helix on the main spindle, and enabling the outer end of the wisp to be wrapped in a roll on the outer spindle with the tip of the wisp disposed inward, the outer end of said outer spindle having means for rotating the same, thereby enabling the roll on the outer spindle to be tightened-and the helical curl on the main spindle to be tightened, said outer spindle having a collar at its inner end with a notch therein for receiving the wisp of haid that extends beyond the end of the main spindle.

3. In a curling device for curling hair on ones head, the combination of a pad vto lie adjacent the head, said pad having means for clamping a wisp of hair, a main spindle, means for detachably securing the inner end ofthe same to the pad, a ratchet device associated with the main spindle adjacent theV pad and permitting rotation of the main spindle in one direction only to enable the wisp of hair to be wrappedcaroundV the main spindle and tightened thereon, an outer spindle, a ratchet device between said outer spindle and said main spindle permitting relative'rotation of the outer spindle on the main spindle in the same direction that is permitted by the rst-named ratchetdevice, said parts cooperating to enable the wisp of hair toV bel wrapped in a'helix on the main spindle, and enabling the outer end of the .wisp to be Wrapped in a roll on the outer spindle with the tip of the wisp disposed inward, .the outer end of said outer spindle having means for rotating the same, thereby enabling the roll on the outer spindle to be tightened, and the helical curl on the main spindle to be tightened, a tube for carrying a heating element to be applied over both spindles with the wisp Wrapped thereupon, with means at the inner end of the heating tube for securing the same to the pad.

4. In a curling device for curling hair onfones head, the combination ofl a pad to lie adjacent the head, said pad having means for clamping a wisp of hair, a main spindle, means for detachably securing the inner end of the same to the pad, a ratchet device associated with the main spindle adjacent the pad and permitting rotation of the main spindlefin one direction only to enable the wisp of hair to be Wrapped around the main spindle and tightened thereon, an outer spindle, a ratchet device between Vsaid outer spindle and said main spindle permitting relative rotation of the outer spindle on the main spindle in the same direction that is permitted by the rst-named ratchet device, said parts cooperating to enable the wisp of hair to be Wrapped in a helix on the main spindle, and enabling the outer end of the wisp to be wrapped in a roll on the cuter spindle with the tip of the wisp disposed inward, the outer Aend of said outer spindle having means for rotating the same, thereby enabling the roll onv the outer spindle to be tightened, and the helical curl on the main spindle to be tightened, a heating tube for carrying a heating element, saidheating'tube having two sections hinged together, said sections having socket members at their inner ends and said pad having va substantially circular flange projecting outwardly from its face to interlock with the socket members to secure the heating tube to the pad. Y

5. In a curling device for curling hair on ones head, the combination of a pad to lie adjacent the head, said pad having means-for clamping a wisp. of hair, amain spindle, means for detachably securing the inner end of the same to the pad, a'ratchet device, associated with the main spindle adjacent the pad and permitting rota- .tion 'of the main spindle in-one direction only to enablethe wisp .of hair to be wrapped around the main spindle and tightened thereon, an outer spindle, a ratchet device between said outer spindle and said main spindle permitting relative rotation of the outer spindle on the main spindle in the same direction that is permitted by the-first-named ratchet device, said parts cooperating to enable the' wisp of hair to be wrapped in a helix on the main spindle, and enabling the outer end of the wisp to be wrapped in a roll on the outer spindle with the tip of the wisp disposed` inward, the outer end of said outer spindle having means for rotating the same,` thereby enabling the roll on the outer spindle to be tightened, a heating tube for carrying a heating element, said heating tube having twov sections hinged together, said sections having socket members at their inner ends and said pad having a substantially circular flange projecting outwardly from its face to interlock with the socket members to secure the heating tube to the pad, and a Washer of yielding material composed of two sections received in said socket members respectively, for sealing the connection between the inner end of the heating tube and the pad,

' 6. In a curling device for curling hair on ones head, the combination yof apadv to lie adjacent the-head, said pad havingmeans for clamping a wisp of hair, a main spindle, means for detachably securing the innery end of the same to the pad, a ratchet device associated with the main spindle adjacent the pad and permitting rotation of the main spindle in one direction only to enable the wisp of hair to be Wrapped around ythe main spindle and tightened thereon, an outer spindle, a ratchet device between said outer spindle and said main spindle permitting relative rotation of the outer spindle on the main spindle in the same direction that is permitted by the rst-named ratchet device, said parts cooperating to enable the wisp of hair to be wrapped vin a helix on the main spindle, and enabling the outer end of the wisp to be wrapped in a roll onthe outer spindle with the tip of the wisp disposedl inward, the outer end of said outer spindle having means for rotating the same, thereby enabling the roll on the outer spindle to 'be tightened, and the helical curl on the main spindle to be tightened, and a collar loose on the `outer spindle and Amovable toward the rstnamed collar for forcing the curl on the extension spindle vagainstv the first-named collar.

7. In a curling device for curling hair on ones headpthe combination of a pad to lie vadjacent the head, said vpad having means for clamping a clamped in the pad to be Wrapped around the main spindle, and means mounted on the outer end of the main spindle for rotating the vsame in the direction permitted by the' ratchet device to tighten the curl on the spindle.

CHARLESV E. WALTMAN. 

